Menene PNG?
Tsarin hoto marasa asara tare da goyan bayan bayyana cikakke don zane-zane da kama fuska
PNG (Portable Network Graphics) tsari ne na hoto marasa asara da aka ƙirƙira a shekarar 1996 a matsayin madadin GIF marar haƙƙin mallaka. An haɓaka shi ta ƙungiya marasa hukuma karkashin jagorancin Thomas Boutell kuma W3C ta daidaita shi, PNG yana amfani da matsi na DEFLATE don rage girman fayiloli ba tare da zubar da kowane bayanan pixel ba.
PNG ta zama tsari na tsarin yanar gizo, tambari, alamomi, kama fuska, da duk hoto da ke buƙatar bayyana. Goyan bayan sa na bayyana ta hanyar haɗin sauti alpha mai matakan rufi 256 yana ba masu zane ikon daidai kan yadda hotuna suke haɗawa da bangaye na launi kowane.
A yau PNG shine tsarin hoto na biyu mafi fari amfani a yanar gizo bayan JPEG. Yayin da tsarurruka na zamani kamar WebP suke ba da matsi mafi kyau, PNG ya kasance muhimmi don ayyuka da ke buƙatar inganci marasa asara da aka tabbatar kuma kowace mai duba yanar gizo, edita, da tsarin aiki yana goyan bayan shi.
Bayanan fasaha
| Sunan cikakke | Portable Network Graphics |
| Tsawaitan fayil | .png |
| Nau'in MIME | image/png |
| Matsi | Marasa asara (DEFLATE) |
| Zurfin launi | Har zuwa 48-bit launi + 16-bit alpha |
| Bayyana | Haɗin sauti alpha cikakke (mataki 256) |
| Motsi | An goyan baya ta hanyar APNG |
| Girman mafi yawa | 2,147,483,647 × 2,147,483,647 pixels |
| Bayanan meta | tEXt, iTXt, zTXt chunks, ICC profiles |
| Shekarar fito | 1996 |
Lokacin amfani da PNG
- Tambari, alamomi, da zane-zane da ke buƙatar bangaye masu bayyana tare da iyakoki masu santsi
- Kama fuska da abubuwan haɗin gwiwar mai amfani inda daidaiton pixel-perfect ya zama muhimmi
- Hotuna masu rubutun rubutu a kai, layin kaifi, ko launuka mara rikitarwa da za a yi murfin su a JPEG
- Kayan zane da fayiloli na tsakiya waɗanda za a sake gyara su ba tare da asarar inganci ba
- Zane-zaneniyar yanar gizo inda ingancin marasa asara ya fi muhimmanci fiye da girman fayil mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da JPEG
Fa'idoji da rashin fa'idoji
Fa'idoji
- Matsi marasa asara gaba ɗaya yana kiyaye kowane pixel daidai kamar yadda aka ƙirƙira
- Haɗin sauti alpha cikakke na bayyana tare da mataki 256 na rufi
- Mai kyau don zane-zane, rubutu, kama fuska, da hotuna masu iyakoki kaifi
- Goyan bayan mai duba yanar gizo da manhajoji na duniya ba tare da takunkumin haƙƙin mallaka ba
- Yana goyan bayan zurfin launi har zuwa 48-bit don ayyukan ƙwararru
Rashin fa'idoji
- Girman fayiloli mafi girma sosai fiye da JPEG ko WebP don hotuna na hotografi
- Matsi mara inganci fiye da tsarurruka marasa asara na zamani kamar WebP lossless
- Goyan bayan motsi na APNG yana da iyaka fiye da goyan bayan motsi na GIF
- Ba ya dace don hotuna da ke amfani da matsi mai asara ga ido ya karɓa
- Fassara sauri don hotuna mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da tsarurruka mafi sauƙi
Jituwa
PNG yana goyan bayan duk mai duba yanar gizo na zamani, tsarin aiki, edita na hoto, da na'urar hannu. Ya kasance shawarar W3C tun daga 1992 kuma ba ya buƙatar ƙarin manhajoji ko tsarurrukai codec na musamman. Goyan bayan motsi na APNG yana samuwa a duk manyan masu duba yanar gizo.
PNG vs sauran tsarurruka
- PNG vs JPEG
- JPEG yana samar da fayiloli mafi ƙanƙanta sosai don hotuna ta amfani da matsi mai asara, amma ba zai iya kiyaye iyakoki kaifi ko bayyana ba. PNG marasa asara ne kuma yana goyan bayan bayyana alpha, wanda ke sa shi ya fi don zane-zane, tambari, da kama fuska inda ƙayyadaddun bayani ya fi muhimmanci.
- PNG vs WebP
- Matsi marasa asara na WebP yana samar da fayiloli mafi ƙanƙanta da kashi 26% fiye da PNG a matsakaita, kuma yana goyan bayan yanayin mai asara da motsi. PNG yana da goyan bayan gado mafi yaɗuwa da tarihi mafi tsawo. Don isar da yanar gizo na zamani, WebP yawanci shine zaɓi mafi kyau.
- PNG vs GIF
- PNG yana goyan bayan miliyoyin launuka da bayyana alpha mai santsi, yayin da GIF ke iyakance ga launuka 256 da bayyana biyu. Fayilolin PNG yawanci mafi ƙanƙanta ne don hotuna marasa motsi. Babban fa'idar GIF shine goyan bayan motsi na duniya.
Kayan aikin PNG a My File Tool
Canza fayilolin PNG zuwa sauran tsarurruka, ko canza sauran tsarurruka zuwa PNG. Fayili na farko kyauta ne koyaushe.
Tambayoyi da ake yawan yi
- Shin PNG yana goyan bayan bayyana?
- I, PNG yana goyan bayan bayyana haɗin sauti alpha cikakke tare da mataki 256 na rufi. Wannan yana ba da damar iyakoki masu santsi, masu adawa da tsige, da tasirin rabin-bayyana da ke haɗawa da kyau da duk bango.
- Me ya sa fayilolin PNG sun fi girma sosai fiye da JPEG?
- PNG yana amfani da matsi marasa asara wanda ke kiyaye kowane pixel daidai, yayin da JPEG ke zubar da bayanan gani don cimma girma mafi ƙanƙanta. Don hotuna, fayilolin JPEG na iya zama ƙanƙanta sau 5-10 fiye da PNG iri ɗaya.
- Shin fayilolin PNG za su iya samun motsi?
- I, ta hanyar tsawaitar APNG (Animated PNG). APNG yana goyan bayan motsi launuka cikakke tare da bayyana alpha, ba kamar GIF wanda ke iyakance ga launuka 256 ba. Duk manyan masu duba yanar gizo na zamani suna goyan bayan APNG.
- Shin PNG yana da kyau don bugawa?
- PNG yana aiki da kyau don bugawa lokacin da hotuna suke a ƙuduri mai isashe (300 DPI). Matsinta marasa asara yana tabbatar da babu lalacewar inganci. Sai dai, PNG yana amfani da sararin launi RGB; don bugawa na ƙwararru, TIFF tare da CMYK shi ake so.
- Ta yaya zan rage girman fayilin PNG ba tare da asarar inganci ba?
- Yi amfani da kayan aikin ingantawa na PNG waɗanda ke amfani da matsi mafi kyau na DEFLATE, cire bayanan meta marasa buƙata, da rage fihirisan launi inda zai yiwu. Waɗannan kayan aiki na iya rage girman fayil da kashi 20-50% ba tare da asarar inganci mai ganuwa ba.
Sauran jagorar nau'ikan
Kuna buƙatar canza PNG?
Canza PNG zuwa JPEG, WebP, ko AVIF. Ko inganta PNG don rage girman fayil. Kyauta, ba a buƙatar rajista.
Canza PNG yanzu